动词不定式做宾补的固定搭配
【动词不定式做宾补的固定搭配】在英语语法中,动词不定式(即“to + 动词原形”)常用于句子中作宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语的状态、动作或目的。这类用法在英语中具有一定的固定搭配规律,掌握这些搭配有助于提高语言表达的准确性和自然性。
以下是对“动词不定式做宾补的固定搭配”的总结,结合常见例句和结构进行归纳,便于理解和记忆。
一、动词不定式作宾补的基本结构
主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 动词不定式(to do)
例如:
- I asked him to come.
- They want us to leave.
在这个结构中,“to come”和“to leave”是不定式作宾补,用来补充说明宾语“him”和“us”的动作或状态。
二、常见的动词不定式作宾补的固定搭配
以下是英语中一些常用且固定的搭配,通常与“to do”连用,表示请求、命令、希望、要求等含义。
| 动词 | 搭配结构 | 中文意思 | 例句 |
| ask | ask someone to do something | 请求某人做某事 | She asked me to help her. |
| tell | tell someone to do something | 告诉某人做某事 | He told me to wait. |
| want | want someone to do something | 想要某人做某事 | I want you to study hard. |
| need | need someone to do something | 需要某人做某事 | We need them to arrive early. |
| wish | wish someone to do something | 希望某人做某事 | I wish you to join us. |
| get | get someone to do something | 让某人做某事(通常带有“说服”之意) | I got him to open the door. |
| have | have someone to do something | 让某人做某事(常指安排或使役) | She had the cook prepare dinner. |
| make | make someone to do something | 使某人做某事(注意:make后接不定式时,to可省略) | The teacher made us do the homework. |
三、注意事项
1. 有些动词后面可以接“to do”,也可以接“doing”,但意义不同。
- I saw him run.(看到他跑,强调动作过程)
- I saw him running.(看到他正在跑,强调动作进行)
2. make 后面的不定式一般不带 to,但有时也保留 to,视语境而定。
- He made me do the work.(更常见)
- He made me to do the work.(较少见,多用于正式或文学语境)
3. 在被动语态中,不定式作宾补时需保留 to。
- The book was asked to be read by students.
- He was told to leave immediately.
四、总结
动词不定式作宾补是英语中非常实用的一种语法结构,尤其在表达请求、命令、愿望等语义时使用广泛。掌握其固定搭配不仅能提升语言运用能力,还能增强表达的地道性。
通过以上表格和讲解,可以系统地了解并记忆这些常见搭配,从而在实际写作和口语中灵活运用。








动词不定式做宾补的固定搭配